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Elyas Ostadi; abbas Khasheisiuki; amir salari
Abstract
The necessity of increasing economical productivity of agriculture and the increasing global demand for medicinal plants and considering the low water requirement of these plants have shifted the cropping pattern to their benefit. Water needs of Nigella sativa L., an important medicinal plant, was not ...
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The necessity of increasing economical productivity of agriculture and the increasing global demand for medicinal plants and considering the low water requirement of these plants have shifted the cropping pattern to their benefit. Water needs of Nigella sativa L., an important medicinal plant, was not known, therefore, we aimed to determine its water needs. (ETc) and crop coefficients (Kc) for different phenological stages in arid conditions of Birjand, in 2018. In order to conduct the research, three weighing lysimeters (with a diameter of 20 cm and a height of 16 cm) were used in three replications. Actual daily evapotranspiration was estimated by water balance in lysimeters and reference evapotranspiration was calculated based on 12 cm grass. The results showed that, in the initial stage, the rate of evapotranspiration was low, in the developmental stage it had an increasing trend, and after stabilization in the middle stage, with the onset of aging in the maturity stage of growth, the rate of evapotranspiration decreased. Actual and reference crop evapotranspiration was obtained as 670 mm and 1439 mm, respectively. The values of crop coefficients in the initial, development, middle, and final stages were obtained as 0.39, 0.53, 0.59, and 0.28, respectively. The general conclusion of the research is that by using the values of crop coefficients and water requirement, it is possible to cultivate this crop with maximum water productivity in the arid region of Birjand.
F R; F A; T M; A S
Abstract
Most of the water in Iran is used in agricultural sector. In recent years, due to loss of attention to this scares production input and incorrect and excessive use, as well as the droughts, the water shortage issue has turned into a serious crisis. So, the planners should work to make a decision ...
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Most of the water in Iran is used in agricultural sector. In recent years, due to loss of attention to this scares production input and incorrect and excessive use, as well as the droughts, the water shortage issue has turned into a serious crisis. So, the planners should work to make a decision in order to minimizing water consumption and prevent the water from wasted and misused by providing appropriate cropping pattern and also using advanced technologies of irrigation systems. In this study, the applied model is multi-objective genetic algorithms in MATLAB with nondominated sorting. For this study, for crop seasons 2011-12 to 2014-15, the data of cultivated areas, yield, price and the costs of productions of irrigated crops including wheat, barley, maize, alfalfa and sugar beet crops were obtained from Office of Agriculture in Zaveh plain, Khorasan-Razavi province. Also, the data of Regional Water Authority of Khorasan Razavi and the water supplied from Senobar Station was used. Some required data were obtained through consultation with experts. Comparing the results of the estimated cultivation areas with the actual statistics of cultivated areas for each crop in each year showed that the optimum cropping area of wheat and barley obtained from the model was lower than the actual cropped area. But, corn crop showed an increase in cultivation area which is highly desirable and increases the irrigation scheduling returns and sustainability of agriculture. Considering the importance of minimization of the deviation of the irrigation schedule presented by the experts and farmers, it is recommended that the irrigation scheduling plan for the farmers should take into account the viewpoints of both the farmers and the experts.